Age
– person's age has been given in full years as at the moment of Census (31 December
2011). The age of children under 1 year
of age is 0 years.
Age at the
birth of the first child – the data
for 2000–2011 were received from the births’ database of Statistics Estonia,
the data for earlier years from the 2000 Population Census data.
Area of the
dwelling – the total floor area of all rooms and auxiliary
premises (kitchen, vestibule, cloakroom, hallway, toilet room, sauna that is
within the dwelling, pantry, interstice, bathroom, storeroom, porch, integrated
wall closets).
The area of the dwelling does not include cellars,
garages (incl. in private houses), boiler rooms, attics (if they are not
suitable for permanent habitation) and common rooms (such as stairways,
corridors, saunas, etc.) in buildings with multiple dwellings. Open areas
(loggias, balconies and terraces) are not included in the area of the dwelling.
However, if such areas have been closed in and insulated, they should be added
to the total area of the dwelling.
If a household lived permanently in an uncompleted
residential building, the area of the finished part of the house should be
recorded.
The average
area of a dwelling per inhabitant – the dwellings the area of which was known
and persons living in these dwellings were taken into account while calculating
this indicator.
Building – construction permanently connected to the
ground, enclosed within external walls, covered by roof and containing rooms.
The Census data include only the buildings containing conventional dwellings.
Child – the definition of child has a narrower
meaning in family (family nucleus) than in household.
- Child in family (family nucleus) - person (regardless of
age and legal marital status) was considered to be a child
belonging to the same family nucleus as his/her parents (parent) if he/she had
not a spouse or cohabitant and own child(ren) in the
same household. Both biological and adopted children were recorded as children,
but not foster children.
This child’s definition is used in all family tables; it also serves as a
basis for distributing families and households into families or households with
and without children.
- Child in household - in households with (at least one) family nucleus all persons
corresponding to the previous definition were recorded as children. In addition
to abovementioned, all household members younger than 18 years of age living in
at least two-member households, who had not a spouse, cohabitant and own child(ren) in the same household were also defined as children.
(These under-aged persons had no parents in the same household and they do not
belong to family nucleus. In the distribution of household type they are classified
as “other person“ or “member of multi-person
non-family household“). This kind of definition “child in family” is used in
tables where households are distributed by children of different age.
Citizenship – the
country, a person is a citizen of. If the person has several citizenships, it was
possible to record only one, whereas the priority was Estonian citizenship and
the second preference was the citizenship of some other European Union country.
“Citizenship undetermined” was recorded if the person had been issued an
Estonian alien's passport (the so-called ‘grey passport’).
For
children, who had not yet been issued the identity document, the citizenship acquired by birth was
recorded. The child was considered an Estonian citizen if at least one
of his/her parents was an Estonian citizen at the time of the birth of the
child (if the father had died before that, then at the time of the death of the
father). If a child has acquired two citizenships by birth, record only one,
based on the selection criteria above. If a child is an Estonian resident but
has not acquired Estonian or foreign citizenship by birth, record the answer
“Citizenship undetermined”.
City – city
municipality. Cities without municipal status have been excluded.
Comfort
characteristics of dwelling - availability of kitchen (kitchenette), piped water supply, washing
facilities, flush toilet (dry toilet) and central or electrical heating in the
dwelling. If the dwelling was equipped with some type of facilities (comfort
characteristics) but the facilities were temporarily unavailable (i.e. due to a
technical fault), the dwelling was still considered to have these facilities.
However, if these facilities had been unavailable for a longer period (for a
year or more), they were marked as missing in that dwelling.
- With kitchen - the dwelling has a room which has at least 4 m2 of floor
area or is at least 2 m wide, and includes equipment for food preparation
(stationary cooking stove, sink). The dwelling was considered to have a kitchen
if it was separated from other rooms with a permanent wall.
- With kitchenette - the dwelling has a part of a room with equipment for food preparation,
or a room with less than 4 m2 of floor area with a stationary
cooking stove and/or sink.
- Without kitchen/kitchenette - the dwelling has no kitchen or kitchenette. For example, in hostel-type buildings, the kitchen is often located outside the dwelling
and shared by several households. This includes dwellings where a small
portable electrical stove or microwave oven is the only equipment for food
preparation.
- With piped water supply - piped water supply is available if cold water is supplied to the
dwelling through pipes and a water tap is used.
- With washing facilities - washing facilities are available if the dwelling includes a bath or
shower that is connected to the water supply and sewerage system (incl. a
septic tank). In addition, washing facilities were considered available if the
dwelling had a sauna (incl. a sauna which is located outside the dwelling in a
separate building on the same lot with a small residential building). Washing
facilities were considered unavailable if the bath or shower was located
outside the dwelling in a shared room (e.g. in hostel-type buildings) or there
was a public sauna in the basement of an apartment building, for example.
- With flush toilet - the dwelling has a flush toilet which is connected to the water supply
and sewerage system (incl. a septic tank).
- With dry toilet - the dwelling has a toilet which is not connected to the water supply
and sewerage system.
- Without flush/dry toilet - there is no flush toilet or dry toilet in the
dwelling; for example, when there are shared toilets in the building or
outdoor toilets.
- With central heating – includes both distant central heating and local
central heating (see “Heating option”). The dwelling was considered to have
central heating if it was the main (predominantly used) heating option in that
dwelling. The dwelling was without central heating if there was no central
heating or it was not the main heating option.
- Electrical heating – the dwelling was considered to have electrical
heating if it was the main (predominantly used) heating option in that
dwelling. The dwelling was without electrical heating if there was no
electrical heating or it was not the main heating option. See “Heating option”.
Command of
foreign languages.
All the languages different from the mother tongue were considered foreign
languages. The data were collected for persons at least three years of age. A
person is deemed to speak the language in question if his or her proficiency enables to manage familiar situations of
language use in speaking, writing and reading. If the person is able to
express himself or herself in familiar communication situations, understands
clear talk on everyday subjects, understands the general meaning of
uncomplicated texts and is capable of writing short texts for general use, then
the language proficiency is sufficient to give an affirmative answer to the
question. If the person lacks some of the listed proficiencies but exceeds the
levels described above in others, the answer should still be affirmative. For
example, a person can be considered to speak the language if he or she
-
speaks the language quite fluently but is not able to write in it. This
includes, for instance, Russian children in Estonian nursery schools who speak
Estonian but are unable to write or read the language;
- is able to read specialty or hobby
literature in a foreign language but is not able to speak the language.
Consensual
union – two persons are living in a
consensual union when they live in the same household (same dwelling) and in
their opinion have a marriage-like relationship, but are not legally married.
Cohabitants may also be of the same sexes.
Construction time of building – the period
when the house was officially approved (commissioned for use). If the
construction of the house had been completed but a permit for use had not yet
been issued, the time when it was first occupied was noted. If the house had
been reconstructed, extended, etc., the year of initial commissioning of the
house was noted (except if the house had been completely destroyed and had been
restored later). "Uncompleted" was recorded if some rooms of the
house were already used as a place of usual residence at the Census moment
while active construction still continued.
De facto marital status – at least fifteen-year-old persons were distributed by the actual living
arrangement into two groups:
- Living with a partner – person who has a partner
he/she was legally married to or is cohabiting with in the same household.
- Living without a partner – person who has no partner living in the same
household.
Dialect – a historical regional form of the Estonian
language. Estonian dialects are divided into subdialects as follows:
- Eastern dialect – Avinurme,
Kodavere, Laiuse, Maarja-Magdaleena, Palamuse and Torma subdialects;
- Mid dialect – Ambla, Anna, Hageri,
Harju-Jaani, Harju-Madise, Juuru, Järva-Jaani, Järva-Madise, Jüri, Kadrina,
Keila, Koeru, Kolga-Jaani, Kose, Kursi, Kõpu, Nissi, Paide, Peetri, Pilistvere,
Põltsamaa, Rakvere, Rapla, Risti, Simuna, Suure-Jaani, Türi, Viljandi,
Viru-Jaagupi, Väike-Maarja and Äksi subdialects;
- Western dialect – Audru, Hanila,
Häädemeeste, Karuse, Kirbla, Kullamaa, Lihula, Lääne-Nigula, Martna, Mihkli,
Märjamaa, Noarootsi, Pärnu, Pärnu-Jaagupi, Ridala, Saarde, Tori, Tõstamaa,
Varbla, Vigala and Vändra subdialects;
- Mulgi dialect – Halliste, Helme,
Karksi, Paistu and Tarvastu subdialects;
- Coastal dialect – Haljala, Iisaku,
Jõelähtme, Jõhvi, Kuusalu, Lüganuse, Vaivara and Viru-Nigula subdialects;
- Insular dialect – Anseküla,
Emmaste, Jaani, Jämaja, Kaarma, Karja, Kihelkonna, Kihnu, Käina, Kärla, Muhu,
Mustjala, Pöide, Püha, Pühalepa, Reigi and Valjala subdialects;
-
- Võru dialect – Kanepi, Hargla,
Karula, Põlva, Rõuge, Räpina, Setu, Urvaste and Vastseliina subdialects.
Speakers of
a dialect were considered persons at least three years old, who were able to
understand the dialect and could speak it. The data about dialects were
collected only from those whose mother tongue was the Estonian language.
Disability free life expectancy
– the average number of years that a person who attains a given age is expected
to live free of disability if current patterns of mortality and disability
continue to apply.
Dwelling – a family dwelling, a box of a terraced or
semi-detached house or an apartment, if it is suitable for all-year-round
habitation. Dwelling is also any other type of housing (e.g., dormitory room;
summer cottage, which is not suitable for all-year-round habitation, etc.),
which is the place of usual residence of at least one person at the moment of
Census. Dwellings were classified as conventional dwellings, accommodation
rooms (incl. dormitory rooms) and non-conventional dwellings. The number of
rooms of institutions (e.g. children’s home, youth home, care home, penal
institution, monastery, etc.) was not fixed in the Census.
-
Conventional dwelling – apartment, one-family dwelling, separate part of the
family dwelling, a box of a terraced or semi-detached house. The Census covered
all conventional dwellings regardless of whether some person lived there or not
at the Census moment.
-
Apartment – a room or a collection of rooms constructed or converted to be
suitable for all-year-round habitation by one household. An apartment must have
a separate entrance from outside or from a shared corridor. The definition of
apartments also includes parlour kitchens and privatised rooms in former
dormitories. The rooms in currently operating dormitories and hotel rooms are
not categorised as apartments (these are accommodation establishments).
-
One-family dwelling (private house) – a residential building, which has been
built for one family and has not been divided into apartments (i.e., it
comprises one dwelling). This also includes farmhouses and former summer
cottages, which have been adapted or converted for all-year-round habitation.
Several households may live in one private house.
-
Separate part of the family dwelling – a private house has been divided into
two dwellings (apartments) with separate entrances.
-
Box of the semi-detached house – a semi-detached house consists of two
connected semi-detached house boxes, built on one lot or on two neighbouring
lots, where both have separate direct exits to outside.
- Box of the terraced house – a
terraced house comprises at least three connected terraced house boxes where
every box has a separate exit that leads directly outside.
-
Room in a hostel or other accommodation room – room(s) in a boarding school or
dormitory for students/employees, also room(s) in an accommodation
establishment (hotel, motel, guesthouse, guest apartment, hostel, etc.). (Rooms
should be considered to be rooms in an accommodation establishment only if the
establishment has been registered as such.) Also social welfare institution
providing temporary accommodation (e.g. shelters, social housing units) are
included in this sub-division. Such institutions provide temporary shelter for 24
hours a day, but do not provide communal meals. A room in a hostel or other
accommodation room was regarded as dwelling if at the Census moment at least
one person was residing there permanently.
- Non-conventional dwelling
(non-dwelling used for habitation) – this includes rooms, which have not been
designed for all-year-round habitation, but served as the place of usual
residence for at least one person at the moment of Census. This includes, for
instance, summer cottages, which are not suitable for all-year-round
habitation, offices, mobile homes (warming rooms), caravans, boats or other
rooms adapted for temporary habitation and used by a person over a longer
period of time.
Economic
activity – in case of
an employed person the
economic activity of the main place of work was
recorded during the period of 19–25 December 2011, in case of an
unemployed person the economic
activity of the last main place of work was
recorded (see “main place of work”). If the person worked in the
subordinate unit having a different area of activity from the main activity of
the employer, the activity of the subordinate unit is recorded. Subordinate
unit is a unit in the structure of a company/institution, but having different
area of activity or address compared to the
main office.
Economically
active population
(labour force) – persons aged 15 years and older who were
considered employed or unemployed during the week preceding the Census (19–25
December 2011). Persons in compulsory
military or community service (conscripts) were also considered
employed.
Economically inactive population (economically passive population)
– persons aged 15 years and older who were not economically active (employed or
unemployed) in the week preceding the Census (19–25 December 2011) as well as
all children under 15 years (see “economically active population”).
-
Persons below the minimum working age – each person who is below 15 years of
age.
-
Student – a person aged 15 years and older who was not economically active in
the week preceding the Census and who was acquiring general, vocational or
specialized education at a general education school, a vocational educational
institution or an institution of higher education. Persons who study in defence
educational institutions in the framework of compulsory military service are
not included here (they are conscripts).
Persons on academic leave should be noted according to the activity, in
which they were engaged during the academic leave.
-
Retired person (pensioner) – a person who was not economically active during
the week preceding the Census and who has been granted the old-age pension,
survivor's pension, pension for incapacity for work, national pension or any
other pension.
-
Homemaker – persons on parental leave and other persons staying at home:
- on parental leave – parental leave is granted to
the mother or the father (in exceptional
cases also to the guardian) until the
child reaches three years of age. The employment contract or service
relationship is suspended for the period of parental leave. This group does not
include persons on pregnancy or maternity leave (they are employed);
- other homemaker – a person who was not economically
active in the week preceding the Census and was, for the most part of this
week, engaged in unpaid housework and/or took care of children or other family
members (e.g., housewives). This group also includes the women who did not work
before the child was born (consequently, they cannot be on parental leave),
provided that they do not belong to any other group (such as student). The
group does not include babysitters and housekeepers who work for remuneration.
-
Other inactive person – a person who was not economically active in
the week preceding the Census and who was not included in any of the
aforementioned group, e.g.
- person who had given up the search for work, because
he/she no longer hoped to find work (‘discouraged’ person);
- person who did not see any reason to work or who
lived off his/her assets;
- person who was attending in-service training
courses;
- person who was not working due to a disability or
long-term illness, except a person who received a pension for incapacity for
work;
- person who was, during the week preceding the
Census, held in a police or custodial institution (incl. police detention
facilities, detention chambers, prisons or preliminary investigation facilities).
- The status
of inactive person unknown – the answer of the person showed his/her inactivity, but the exact status
is unknown.
Educational attainment – the educational attainment of
persons is determined by the highest completed
study programme in the formal education system (i.e. in institutions of
general, vocational or higher education). Incomplete education does not raise
the level of education. The level of education received in a foreign country
was determined in the same manner as the level of education acquired in
The most
detailed classification of educational attainment presented in tables (with the
corresponding ISCED 97 codes) is as follows:
1.
Less than primary education – a person has not
completed a level corresponding to primary education (ISCED code 0).
2.
Primary education – a person has not acquired lower secondary education (i.e. basic
education) but he/she has finished (at least) one of the following types of
school:
-
6 grades in 1990 or later;
-
3 grades in 1972–1989;
-
4 grades in 1945–1971;
-
6 grades in 1930–1944, including evening primary schools for adults;
-
4 or 6 grades until 1930;
-
one-grade commune school, town primary school, one- or two-grade ministry
school, parish school or higher primary school until 1920.
Persons with
primary education do not have vocational education, their ISCED code is 1.
3.
Vocational education without lower secondary education –
persons who have received a document certifying vocational training (a school of vocational education, technical school,
etc.), without having attained lower secondary education (i.e. basic
education). Any in-service training or retraining, training at workplace, hobby
education (language courses, folk universities) or pre-vocational education
should not be considered here. The ISCED code for all the persons included in
this group is 2C. Some of the persons with code 2C
are not included here, but belong to the group “lower secondary with vocational
education”.
4.
Lower secondary education – a person has not
acquired upper secondary education in a general education school, but he/she
has finished
-
basic school or at least 9 grades in a general
education school in 1990 or later;
-
at least 8 grades in a general education school in
1962–1989;
-
incomplete upper secondary school or 7 grades until
1961;
-
a secondary science school or progymnasium
until 1940;
-
a vocational secondary school in 1920–1940, or
-
has acquired lower secondary education in a special school.
The ISCED
code for persons with lower secondary education (i.e. basic education) is 2A.
5.
Lower secondary with vocational education – a person has acquired
-
lower secondary education (i.e. basic education) in
the framework of the vocational education curriculum;
- vocational education after lower secondary
education.
This level
of educational attainment corresponds to ISCED code 2C or 3C.
6.
Upper secondary with vocational education – a person has acquired upper
secondary education in the framework of the vocational education curriculum.
This group excludes persons who attended a general education school (upper
secondary school, gymnasium, etc.) and in addition to secondary education
received a certificate of vocational education. This educational attainment
corresponds to ISCED code 3B or 3A (some persons with level 3A education belong
to the next group).
7.
Upper secondary education – a person has graduated from an upper secondary
school, a general education college or an evening school of 10, 11 or 12
grades, or has acquired secondary education in a special school for children
with disabilities or in a closed special school. This does not include persons
who acquired secondary education together with vocational training, or who acquired
secondary specialized education on the basis of lower secondary education. The
ISCED code for persons with upper secondary education is 3A.
8.
Post-secondary non-tertiary education – a
person who has acquired vocational secondary education or completed a
vocational education curriculum after obtaining secondary education. This
excludes persons who have acquired secondary specialized education after
obtaining secondary education. This level of educational attainment corresponds
to ISCED code 4B.
9.
Professional higher education – a person has completed
-
a technical school, commercial school, higher agricultural or gardening school,
nautical school or other educational institution on the basis of a curriculum of secondary specialized
education;
-
an institution of (professional) higher education, a vocational educational
institution or other educational institution, having studied on the basis of a
curriculum of higher vocational education (graduation in 2000 or later),
professional higher education (graduation in 2002 or later) or Diploma study
(graduation in 1992 or later).
This level
of educational attainment corresponds to ISCED code 5B.
10.
Academic higher education – a person has completed a Bachelor’s or Master’s
course, or has acquired higher education according to a curriculum valid before
1992:
-
Bachelor’s degree – a person has completed
-
Bachelor’s curriculum based on the 4-year programme. In
-
Bachelor’s curriculum based on the 3-year programme. In
-
higher education obtained on the basis of a curriculum used before 1992 – a
person has a diploma of higher education: he or she has completed a pre-1992
curriculum of higher education at an institute, academy, university or other
educational institution. Such curricula may still be in use on the territory of
the former
-
Master’s degree or equivalent. Persons with an education equivalent to a Master’s
degree include persons who have completed:
-
integrated studies of 5 to 6 years (incl. engineering studies) (completion of
integrated studies is possible in
-
internship;
-
one-year teacher training after Bachelor’s studies.
Academic higher education
corresponds to ISCED code 5A.
11.
Doctorate (incl. former Candidate of Sciences) – a person who has been awarded
a Doctoral degree. Also a person who has completed residency is recorded here.
Qualification acquired in the educational system of the USSR, certified by a
diploma of Candidate of Sciences (Kandidat nauk) or a diploma of doctoral degree (Doktor nauk), is
considered as an equivalent to a doctorate. These levels of education could not
be obtained by graduating from a folk university, a
This level of educational attainment corresponds to
ISCED code 6.
The less
detailed levels of education presented in the tables have been generated by
aggregation as follows:
-
Lower secondary or less – less than primary education,
primary education, lower secondary
education (i.e. basic education) (groups 1, 2 and 4 of detailed
classification).
-
Vocational education equal to lower secondary or less – vocational education
without lower secondary education, lower
secondary with vocational education (groups 3 and 5 of detailed
classification).
-
Upper secondary without vocational education – coincides with the detailed
classification section ‘upper secondary education’ (group 7).
-
Upper secondary with vocational education – upper
secondary with vocational education, post-secondary
non-tertiary education (groups 6 and 8 of
detailed classification).
- Higher education – professional higher education, academic higher education,
doctorate (incl. former Candidate of Sciences) (groups 9, 10 and 11 of
detailed classification).
See also
“student”.
Employed – a person aged 15 years
and older who during the week preceding the Census (19–25 December 2011)
- performed at least one hour of remunerated work as
an employee, employer or a freelancer;
- worked without direct payment in a family enterprise
or farm owned by his/her family;
- was temporarily absent from work due to leave,
illness, etc;
- was in
compulsory military or community service (conscript).
If actual working did not coincide with the formal work relationship, the
actual working was taken into account.
Employment
status – in case of
an employed person his/her
status at his/her main place of work was
recorded during the period of 19–25 December 2011, in case of an
unemployed person his/her status at his/her last main place of work was recorded (see “main place of work”).
If the person has several statuses at the main place of work, the status with higher income was noted.
-
Employee – a person who was employed in full-time or part-time work for the
benefit of an institution, company or another employer and who receives
remuneration in money or in kind. It was irrelevant whether the place of work
has been officially registered or not. Salaried employees include officers and
non-commissioned officers.
-
Employee with a permanent job – an employee whose employment relationship with
the employer has lasted or is likely to last for one year or longer.
- Other employee – an
employee whose employment relationship with the employer lasts less than one
year. This answer was also noted for persons who earn income with
occasional work.
-
Self-employed person with employees (employer) – an owner of an enterprise,
workshop, shop, office or a similar establishment, also a farmer with at least
one permanent salaried employee. (Family members and relatives who worked in
the family enterprise or farm without a direct salary were not considered
employees). It was irrelevant, whether the enterprise or farm had been
officially registered or not.
-
Self-employed person without employees (own-account worker) – here are included:
-
self-employed person – a person who was engaged in selling of his/her work
product (service or commodity) and who owned the necessary means of production
and did not use any permanent salaried employees (but might have used salaried
employees occasionally);
-
farmer without employees – person who runs a farm without any permanent salaried
employees (but may use salaried employees occasionally);
-
freelancer – a person who was not employed by anyone and was active in a field
of art (e.g., artists, writers, etc.), without having a separate enterprise
(rooms, land, equipment, etc.). Salaried employees who earn income from
occasional work were not considered freelancers.
It is
irrelevant whether the work of such self-employed person had been officially
registered or not.
-
Persons in compulsory military or community service (conscript) – see the
concept “person in compulsory military
or community service (conscript)”.
- Other employed person (other status) – here are
included:
-
unpaid worker in a family enterprise or a farm – a person who worked in an enterprise or farm of his or her
family without receiving a salary as such and who in return received a part of
the income or benefits of the enterprise or farm, including income in kind.
This category does not include voluntary work. A person belonged to this group,
if he/she lived in the same household as the owner of the enterprise or farm;
-
a member of a commercial association –
a member in an association, which had the objective, according to the articles
of association, to earn material income and to distribute it between members. A
person who worked for the commercial association and received remuneration for
this work is not a member of commercial association. He or she is a salaried
employee.
If the
conscripts have not been marked separately in the table of the employed, the distribution
“other employed person” also includes them. The distribution “other status” in the table
of the unemployed never includes conscripts.
Ethnic nationality – ethnic
nationality is determined by the respondent. The person has the right to declare himself or herself a member of that
ethnic nationality, to which he or she feels the strongest ethnical and
cultural affiliation. If a person feels affiliation to several ethnicities, he
or she should specify the one that is more important for him or her.
The ethnic nationality
of children is decided by the parents. In households where mother and father
belong to different ethnicities and have difficulties deciding the ethnic
nationality of children, the ethnic nationality of the mother should be
preferred.
Family nucleus (family) – family is defined in a narrower concept (family nucleus). Family
nucleus consists of persons living in the same household who are related as husband and
wife, as cohabiting partners (incl. same-sex partners) or as parent and child. Family
nucleus can be:
- legally
married couple or cohabiting couple without children (couples without
children);
- legally
married couple or cohabiting couple with children (couples with children,
children need not be common);
- lone parent with
child(ren).
See also “child in family (family nucleus)”.
Each household member can be a member of only
one family nucleus. Family nucleus cannot consist of more than two successive
generations. If the household comprises three (or more) generations with
parental relationship between them (child, his/her mother and grandmother) the
family nucleus is formed of the two youngest generations.
In tables the data are published for family
nuclei of private households, the family nuclei of institutional households
were not recorded in the Census.
- Reconstituted
family nucleus – married or cohabiting couple with one or more children where
at least one child is a non-common child.
Heating option (main
heating option) - the predominantly used heating option was recorded.
- Distant central heating - heating is normally supplied by a central heating power station outside
the building. The heating system always services several buildings.
- Local central heating - heating is supplied by a central heating system located in the same
building. The heating system was designed to service one building. This
includes, for example, gas, solid fuel and electrical boilers, piped underfloor heating, solar panels, etc. In addition, this
option was noted if the dwelling was primarily heated by heat pumps.
- Stove or fireplace heating - heating is primarily supplied by one or more stoves, incl. iron stoves,
kitchen stoves or fireplaces with a heating masonry wall, etc.
- Electrical heating - heating is primarily supplied by electrical underfloor
heating (no water pipes installed under the floor) or by stationary or portable
electrical heaters (e.g. mountable electrical convectors (radiators), portable
oil radiators, heat blowers, halogen radiators and other heat sources connected
directly to the power supply network). This does not include dwellings that are
heated by a local central heating boiler which runs on electricity (this is
local central heating).
-
No heating options
available - noted if the dwelling was not
heated.
Household – a group of people usually living in a common
dwelling, who share available household facilities (common budget and food); a
person living alone is also a household.
Households were divided into private households,
institutional households and and households of homeless persons.
- Private household - household
living in a dwelling. Private household does not include persons who at the
moment of census lived permanently in institutional household.
- Institutional household - household
consisting of persons who at the moment of census lived in institution that
operate 24 hours a day throughout the year and provide maintenance for persons
living there – accommodation, food and, if necessary, care and treatment (e.g.
substitute home, care home). The affiliation and funding sources of the
institution are irrelevant. In tables the data are published for usual
residents of institutional households, i.e. for those who at the moment of
census had been living or probably would stay there for at least 12 months. (see also “type of institution”).
- Homeless – person who did not have a place of residence
(dwelling) at the moment of census, i.e., the person slept in random cellars,
staircases, boiler rooms, abandoned buildings, etc. This also includes persons
who stay overnight in shelters for the homeless that do not provide 24-hour
accommodation. Homeless is not a person who lived for a longer period in a room,
which was not designed for habitation (see „dwelling“, type of dwelling „non-conventional
dwelling“) or in a shelter that permits 24-hour stay (see type of dwelling „room
in a hostel or other accommodation room“).
Household structure – private households were distributed by structure into three groups –
non-family households, one-family households and multi-family households.
- Non-family
household – household which does not comprise a family nucleus (e.g. one-person
household; household with grandparent and grandchild).
- One-family
household – household which comprises one family nucleus and which may also
include persons who do not belong to the family nucleus (so-called “other
persons”).
- Multi-family
household – household which comprises two or more family nuclei and which may
also include persons who do not belong to the family nucleus.
Each group was divided further into sub-groups (the level of details
varies in different tables).
See also “child” and “household with a missing generation”.
Household with a missing generation - household
where one or two grandparents live together with one or more grandchildren, of
whom at least one is younger than 18 years of age, but neither of the
child’s/children’s parents belongs to the household. (The prerequisite is that the
person aged less than 18 has no partner or child in the same household.) Households
with a missing generation can be in households with family nucleus (there is a
couple of grandparents in the household) as well as in households without
nucleus (there is one lone grandparent in the household).
International migrants – persons
whose usual place of residence at the moment of Census was in
- all foreign-born persons (immigrants);
- those persons born in
- employment in a foreign country, if the person spent most of
his/her vacant days with his/her household in
- studies at a general education school (upper secondary
school, basic school, etc.) or secondary vocational school in a foreign country
if the parents' home was in
- compulsory military service in a foreign country,
irrespective of its duration, participation in a war or being a war-prisoner
(e.g., military service in other Soviet republics during the ‘Soviet period’);
- residence up to the year 1945 in Petseri
(Pechory) county or in the former territory of the
- diplomatic service in a foreign country or residence in a
foreign country of military or navy personnel of the
Legal
marital status – at least
fifteen-year-old persons were distributed by the legal (de jure) marital status
as follows:
- Never legally married – a person who has never been
legally married.
- Legally married – a person whose marriage is legal
and has not terminated due to death of the spouse or divorce. A person can also
be legally married if he or she does not live with his or her spouse. Only a
marriage between a man and a woman is considered legal in this context.
- Divorced – a person whose (previous) legal marriage
terminated due to registration of divorce and who has not entered into a new
legal marriage.
- Widowed – a person whose (previous) legal marriage terminated due to
death of the spouse and who has not entered into a new legal marriage.
Length
of the working week – time in hours actually worked
during typical working week of a person over the longer period at all places of
work. Working time also includes regular overtime work and unofficially worked hours.
Limitations
of everyday activities due to health problems –
limitations due to health problems which
had lasted or were expected to last for at least six months. ‘Everyday activities’ refers to
working, studying, housekeeping, personal grooming, communicating with other
people, recreational activities, etc. Everyday activities were considered very much restricted if the person required daily
assistance, and were considered to some extent
restricted if the person required assistance with some activities, but
not on a daily basis.
Life expectancy
– the average remaining lifetime in years for persons who attain a given age if
mortality remains unchanged. At the age
of 0 – the life expectancy at birth.
Location of educational institution – the data
have been obtained from the Estonian Education Information System (EHIS). While
comparing the location of the educational institution with the student’s place
of residence, it is important to remember the following: students of
institutions of higher education and post-secondary vocational education
residing outside their former homes during their studies were generally considered
to have a place of residence at the address at which they lived during the
studies; in case of these students study migration did not take place.
Location of job – the place
(region) where a person actually worked at his/her main place
of work during the week preceding the Census (19–25 December 2011). This may
differ from the location of the main office of the workplace.
-
No fixed workplace (mobile workplace) – was recorded for persons whose
workplace had no fixed address and whose workday did not always start from the
same place (e.g., long-distance truck drivers; long-distance seafarers and
other ship crewmembers; builders who worked on different sites). In some tables
of work-migration the term “no fixed workplace” includes all persons with
mobile workplace, in some tables only those who worked in several counties of
- Not applicable – comprises persons
in compulsory military or community service (conscripts). Conscripts were
considered employed but their place of service is not revealed in the tables.
Long-term
illness or health problem – an illness or a health problem which had lasted or
was expected to last for at least
six months. This also includes health problems from which a person
had suffered for a long time, but which had not been diagnosed by a doctor. In
addition, long-term health problems include recurrent health problems, including conditions which were
controlled or relieved by regular administration of medication or other
treatments.
Main place
of work – the place of work where a person worked for most of
the time. The time actually worked was taken into account, not the working time
fixed with the contract of employment. If the respondent was unable to state
the main place of work on the basis of hours, wages and prestige should be the
next criteria to be considered.
Median age – the age that divides population
into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than
this age and half are older.
Moment of
Census – the date and the time fixing the data collected by
the Census. The moment of Census of the 2011 Population and Housing Census was on 31 December 2011 at 00.00.
Mother tongue – the
language, which was learned in early childhood as the first language and in
which the person is generally most proficient.
The mother tongue of young
children was decided by their parents.
If parents had difficulties deciding the mother tongue of a child, the language
usually spoken in the household was recorded.
In case of deaf persons, sign language could also be noted as mother tongue. If a person
has grown deaf at a later age, the first language learned as a child was
recorded as mother tongue.
Native and foreign-origin population –
the population of
- Native
population -
persons permanently living in
- Foreign-origin
population -
persons permanently living in
- the first
generation of foreign-origin population - persons
permanently living in
- the second
generation of foreign-origin population - persons
permanently living in
- the third
generation of foreign-origin population - persons
permanently living in Estonia of whose parents at least one was born in Estonia
but whose all grandparents were born abroad.
In
occasions where the information about the country of birth of the three
generations (the person himself/herself, his/her parents and grandparents) was
missing, the person was classified in some above-mentioned group mostly based
on the data of two generations (see Methodology, Finding the native population
and three generations of the foreign-origin population).
Number of generations in household – the number of generations in household is
determined by relatives of directly ascending/descending line. The number of
generations is not influenced by relatives or non-relatives (the so-called
“other persons”) living in the same household with the members of family
nucleus, but are not their parents, grandparents or other relatives of the
direct line.
- One generation household - includes
- one-member household
- household including one or more married or cohabiting
couples without children and where there are no directly ascending/descending
relatives.
- Two generation household – one-family or
multi-family household, where there is at least one parent-child relationship
between household members and there are no grandparent-grandchild
relationships.
- Household with at least three generations –
household where there is at least one grandparent-grandchild relationship
between household members, except household with a missing generation.
- Household with a missing generation - see
“household with a missing generation”.
- Not applicable - non-family
households, which are not households with a missing generation or one-member
households.
Number of
live-born children – include
all children born alive before the moment of Census (31 December 2011 at 00:00)
regardless of whether they are living or not at the time of the Census. Adopted
children and stepchildren are not taken into account here. The data were
collected from at least 15-year-old women. Option “No live-born children” was
noted if the woman had not given live birth to any child or the child was born
on 31 December 2011 or later.
Average number of live-born children per woman – women
whose number of live-born children was known (incl. those who had not given
birth to any child) and their live-born children were taken into account while
calculating this indicator.
Number of
rooms in the dwelling – rooms include living rooms,
bedrooms, children's rooms, offices, dining rooms, etc. If there is no
permanent wall between the dining room and kitchen (or the wall has been
dismantled), this room should be counted as a room, not as a kitchen. Parlour
kitchens and privatised rooms in dormitory-type buildings are also counted as
rooms. The room has an area of at least four square metres and height of at
least two metres (for the most part).
The definition of a room does not include kitchens,
vestibules, toilet rooms, bathrooms, pantries, saunas, cloakrooms or any other
auxiliary premises, irrespective of their size. Furthermore, rooms that are
used exclusively for business or work-related purposes (for instance, used only
as workshops, studios, customer service rooms) are not considered to be rooms
of the dwelling. However, if such room is used for both, work-related purposes
and housework or hobbies, for instance, this room should be included in the number
of rooms of the dwelling.
If a household lived permanently in an uncompleted
residential building, the number of constructed rooms, not the planned number
of rooms should be recorded.
The average
number of rooms per inhabitant – the dwellings the area of which was known and
persons living in these dwellings were taken into account while calculating this
indicator.
Occupancy of dwelling – conventional dwellings were
distributed by the occupancy as follows:
-
Conventional dwelling with usual residents – dwelling which was the place of
usual residence for at least one person at the moment of Census.
- Conventional dwelling without
usual residents – dwelling which was not a place of usual residence of any
person at the moment of Census (but temporary residents might have stayed there).
Occupation
– in case of an employed person his/her occupation at his/her main place
of work was recorded during the
period of 19–25 December 2011, in case of an unemployed person his/her
occupation at his/her last main place of work was recorded (see “main place of work”).
Owner of dwelling – dwellings were distributed by the
owner of dwelling as follows:
-
State or local government – dwelling is owned by a state authority, state
organisation or foundation, city, city district or rural municipality
government.
-
Resident of
-
Resident of foreign country – the owner’s place of usual residence is not in
the
-
Other owner – the owner does not belong to aforementioned groups, e.g.:
-
company (factory, bank, insurance company, real estate company, etc.; incl.
companies in which the capital share of state or local government unit is less
than 50%);
-
self-employed person;
-
non-profit association (e.g., a church);
-
foundation;
-
legal person governed by public law;
- agricultural association.
Person in
compulsory military or community service (conscript)
– a person who during the period of 19–25 December 2011 fulfilled the duty to serve in the Defence Forces by serving in
the Defence Forces or by alternative service. Persons who have entered
voluntary contractual active service and officers should not be noted as
conscripts (they are salaried employees).
Persons
having
emigrated from
If
the person has settled abroad on more than one occasion, the most recent year of leaving
Person's
status in household
– members of private households were distributed by their status in the household
into persond who belong to some family nucleus ("spouse", "cohabitant", "lone parent",
"child") and persons who do not belong to any family nucleus ("living alone", "other").
- Spouse –
person who has a legal spouse living in the same household.
- Cohabiting
partner – person who has a cohabiting partner in the same household (incl. in
the same sex).
- Lone parent –
person who has child(ren)
living in the same household, but who has no spouse or partner in consensual
union. The child’s definition is given below.
- Child –
person (regardless of age and legal marital status) was considered to be a
child belonging to the same family nucleus as his/her parents (parent) if
he/she had not a spouse or cohabitant and own child(ren)
in the same household. Both biological and adopted children were recorded as
children, but not foster children.
- Living alone
– person living alone (i.e. one-person household).
- Other –
person who is not living alone but is not a member of any family nucleus.
In addition to members of private households,
members of institutional households and homeless persons were distinguished
(see “household”).
Place of
birth – a place (country, administrative unit) where the
person’s mother was a (permanent) resident at the time of the person’s birth.
The data are presented according to the administrative division, which was
valid for the period 29.11.2010–23.07.2011. For persons who were born abroad,
the name of the country was recorded according to the state border valid at the
time of the Census. The persons born before
1945 in Petseri (Pechory) county or in the former territory of the
Place of residence at the time of the 2000 Population Census – the usual place of
residence of the person on 31 March 2000 (at the moment
of Census of the 2000 Population Census). The data were collected with
the 2011 Population Census questionnaire taking into account the definition of
the place of residence of the Census (see “place of residence“).
Place of residence (permanent/usual place of residence) – is usually the region or settlement, where a person
spends most of his/her daily rest and sleep time. It may differ from the
registered place of residence. The place of residence was the place where the
person has been living continuously for at least 12 months before the moment of
Census or before 31 December 2011, or where he/she came to live before the
moment of Census, and where he/she intended to stay for at least one year.
-
Persons, who lived away from home due to work for more than 12 months but spent
most of their days off with their households, were considered to be residents
at the address of their household.
- Pupils of general education schools and secondary
vocational education institutions, who resided outside home during their
studies, were generally considered to be residents at the address of their
household.
- Students of institutions of higher education and
post-secondary vocational education residing outside their former homes during
their studies were generally considered to have a place of residence at the
address at which they lived during the studies, provided that they lived there
for the majority of the study period. If the student has his or her own (new)
family, his or her place of residence was the residence of his or her family.
- Households (incl. one-member households), who
regularly lived at several addresses during a year, were considered to have the
place of residence at the address where they spent the majority of the year.
- Persons residing in an institution (children's home,
care home, custodial institution, etc.) were considered to be residents of that
institution if they had been living in the institution for at least 12 months
or more or who would stay there for more than a year.
- Persons in compulsory military or community service
generally were considered to have their place of residence at the address where
they lived before military service.
- The place of residence of the military and navy
staff of the
- If a person
does not have a place of permanent residence, the place (dwelling, settlement)
where he or she was at the moment of Census should be noted as his or her place
of residence.
Population (usual resident population) – permanent
residents present in the certain administrative unit or settlement at the
moment of Census and residents temporarily absent from there for less than a
year. Permanent residents do not include foreign military and navy staff and
diplomatic staff and their family members living with them and who were in the
Previous place of residence
– was recorded for the person who had not continuously lived in the city, town
or rural municipality of his/her place of usual residence at the time of the
Census since birth. Continuous residence is not considered interrupted in case
of:
- any
absence with duration of less than 12 months;
- distant
employment, if the person stays with his or her household for most of vacant
days;
- absence
due to studies at a general education school (upper secondary school, basic
school, etc.) or a secondary vocational school;
- compulsory
military service, irrespective of its duration, participation in a war or being
a war-prisoner;
- diplomatic
service in a foreign country or residence in a foreign country of military or
navy personnel of the
The place of
residence, wherefrom the person arrived in the city, town or rural municipality
(excl. city without municipal status and town) of his/her place of usual
residence at the time of the Census. The
previous place of residence in the same city or town where the usual place of
residence was, as well as the place of residence in other village or small town
of the same rural municipality was not
taken into account. The Census time borders of the city, town or rural
municipality apply; cities were also cities without municipal status.
If the person came
to the current place of residence before 1945 from Pechory county or the former
territory of the
Religion – the name of the religion was noted for persons aged at least 15 who felt
an affiliation to a religion (denomination). At the same time the person
did not have to be a member of a church or congregation. In addition, it was
irrelevant whether the person had been baptised, whether he or she went to
church regularly or was a member of any other non-Christian association.
Answering the questions about religion was voluntary.
Rural settlements – small towns and villages.
Secondary place of residence
– only the secondary place of residence located outside the city or rural
municipality of the person’s place of usual residence and where the person
lived at least three months (incl. non-consecutive days) in total during the
year was taken into consideration. The secondary place of residence could also
be a place, where one could not live throughout a year (e.g., a summer house).
A secondary place of residence was not
a dwelling where the person did not actually live, even though he or she owned
it. The so-called mobile places of residence were not taken into account either
(e.g. in case of sailors and ship personnel).
If
a person lived at several other addresses besides the place of usual residence,
the secondary place of residence was the one where the person spent the longest
time, and the location of this dwelling and the time spent there during the
year were noted.
Size of household – the number of usual residents
of the household.
Source of subsistence (main source of subsistence)
– any monetary income or any other resources received (food, shelter, heating,
etc.), which was necessary for the coping of the person in 2011.
If the
person considered several sources of subsistence equally important for coping
and could not decide, which source of subsistence is the main one, the source
positioned higher on the list of options was noted here. The Census collected
data on the sources of subsistence of persons at least 15 years of age. The
source of subsistence for children aged less than 15 was generally considered
the option “maintained by other persons”, except for children living in
institutions (e.g. children’s homes), whose source of subsistence was recorded
“maintained by institution”.
-
Wages, earnings – remuneration for work, which is paid in money or in kind
(food, heating, etc.) on the basis of an employment contract, a contract for
services, the Public Service Act or an oral agreement with an employer; any
compensations for work (incl. occasional work, unofficial work), including
fees, payments for contractual services, bonuses, redundancy payments, payments
for piece-work, gratuities, commissions or a percentage of turnover as agreed with
the employer. Earnings also include stipends or other payments received for a
specific job, research or project.
-
Entrepreneurial income, income from farming – income from production,
intermediation or business activities, in which the respondent is an active
party. It is irrelevant whether the company has been registered. This also
includes self-employed persons. In addition, the category includes production
of agricultural products, timber, pelt, etc., for the purpose of sale.
-
Pension – old-age pension, national pension, pension for incapacity for work,
survivor’s or any other pension. Survivor’s pension should only be noted as the
source of subsistence of the person who is the beneficiary of the pension. In
tables the distribution “other pension” includes all types of pensions except pension
for incapacity for work.
-
Maintained by other persons – was noted for persons, such as children, who were
maintained by household members or other persons (parents or relatives living
elsewhere, etc.). This answer was also noted if a significant portion of the
subsistence of the person comes from support payments (alimony).
-
Support, scholarship, benefit – child benefits and family allowances, parental
benefit, subsistence benefit, unemployment insurance benefit, unemployment
allowance, other amounts paid through the Unemployment Insurance Fund,
education allowance, stipends instituted by the Estonian government, local
government, foreign country or an individual (except stipends or payments
received for a specific job, research or project – this was noted as wages and
salaries), or any other types of support, such as those paid to freelance
artists and writers (through the Cultural Endowment or another fund). This
category also includes benefits in kind. Child benefits and family allowances
were only noted as the source of subsistence of the parent or guardian to whom
the benefit or allowance had been granted.
-
Maintained by institution – was noted in case of residents of children’s homes,
care homes, etc., conscripts serving in the Defence Forces, imprisoned persons
in custodial institutions, monks and nuns in monasteries, etc. This option was
noted in case of institutions that offer full maintenance financed by the state
or a local government. If a person paid a part of maintenance costs (e.g., in a
retirement home), then the selection of the answer had to be based on the fact
whether the person or the institution covered the larger portion of the cost.
-
Other source of subsistence – income not listed above. This includes, for
example:
-
property income or income from capital – income from the rental of property
(immovable or movable property, such as a house, apartment or vehicle);
interest on loans or deposits; dividends on shares, entrepreneurship, business
or another field of activity in which the respondent is not an active party;
-
loans, deposits, savings, sales of property – study loans or any other loans
for short-term use. This option includes living off one’s savings and
subsistence from the sale of shares, fund units, immovable or movable property,
i.e., realisation of previously acquired assets;
-
personal auxiliary household – subsistence from the production of agricultural
products (vegetables, horticultural products, domestic animals, etc.) for own consumption.
This does not include production of agricultural or similar products for the
purpose of sale (i.e., entrepreneurial income, income from farming);
-
awards, insurance payments, compensations for damage, cultural or scientific
awards;
- begging and subsisting on waste
(gathering and sale of waste and empty bottles, etc.).
Student – a person aged three or over who is
acquiring general, vocational or professional education in the formal
educational system, i.e. in an institution of general, vocational or higher
education or in a pre-school institution. Full-time studies (day, evening,
external study) as well as correspondence courses are included. Persons who
temporarily do not attend school (academic leave, free semester etc.) but who
have preserved formal connections with the educational institution as at the
census moments are also considered to be students. The data on the students
(level of education being pursued, location of educational institution) have
been received from the Estonian Education Information System (EHIS). These data
do not include students studying in foreign countries, except students studying
abroad for a short period as part of student exchange programmes (in the
tables, these students are considered to be studying in
Students are
divided by level of education being pursued as follows:
-
Pre-primary education – children who attend a preschool institution (nursery
school, kindergarten, kindergarten for children with disabilities,
kindergarten-primary school). Children who study in a school class at a
preschool institution or take a preparatory course for preschool children are
not included here.
-
Primary education – persons who study in grades 1 to 6 of an institution of
general education (primary school, basic school, secondary school, gymnasium,
etc.).
-
Lower secondary education – persons who study in grades 7 to 9 of an
institution of general education.
-
Upper secondary education – persons who study in grades 10 to 12 of an
institution of general education.
-
Vocational education after lower secondary education – persons who are engaged
in vocational or vocational secondary education where lower secondary education
(i.e. basic education) is generally required for admittance. It also includes a
small number of students without any requirements for previous education upon
admittance (e.g. vocational education for children with special needs and for
persons without lower secondary education).
-
Vocational education after upper secondary education – persons who study in a
vocational educational institution which requires completed upper secondary
education for admittance.
-
First stage of higher education – persons who are:
- studying according to a programme
of professional higher education;
- taking a Bachelor’s course.
-
Master’s degree or equivalent – persons who are taking a Master’s course at an
institution of higher education (incl. internship).
- Doctorate – persons who are taking
a doctoral course at a an institution of higher education
(incl. residency).
Tenure status of dwelling – households
and household members were distributed by the tenure status of dwelling as
follows:
- Owner - at least one member of the household is the owner or co-owner of the
dwelling. This includes members of an apartment association.
- Tenant - the household has a tenancy contract or a subletting contract for this
dwelling or has an oral agreement with the owner for renting the dwelling.
This option was noted only if, in addition to utility costs, the household also
pays rent to the owner for use of the dwelling.
- Other form of tenure - no member of the household is
the owner of the dwelling and the household does not pay rent to the
owner for use of the dwelling (but may pay for utilities).
If the tenure status of dwelling is published in population tables, all
members of a household are considered to have the same tenure status (e.g. if
one member of the household is the legal owner of the dwelling, all members of
that household are considered owners).
Time of immigration/returning – was
recorded for the person who had not
continuously lived in the city, town or rural municipality of his/her place of
usual residence at the time of the Census since birth (see also “previous
place of residence“).Tables which include international migrants record the time of
immigration to Estonia from a foreign country. It was not relevant if
immigration took place to the usual place of residence at the time of the
Census or some previous place of residence in
If
a person had settled in the place of usual residence at the time of the Census
or in
Type of building – buildings containing conventional
dwellings were distributed as follows:
-
Apartment building – a building where at least half of the total area is used
for apartments. An apartment building usually has at least three apartments,
which can normally be accessed through a shared corridor or stairway. The
definition of apartment building also includes former dormitories where the
rooms have been privatised.
-
One-family dwelling (private house) – a residential building, which has been
built for one family and has not been divided into apartments (i.e., it
comprises one dwelling). This also includes farmhouses and former summer
cottages, which have been adapted or converted for all-year-round habitation. Several
households may live in one private house.
-
Other small residential buildings are:
-
a semi-detached house – consists of two connected semi-detached house boxes,
built on one lot or on two neighbouring lots, where both have separate direct
exits to outside;
-
a terraced house – comprises at least three connected terraced house boxes
where every box has a separate exit that leads directly outside;
- a private house includes two
dwellings (apartments) with separate entrances.
- Non-residential building with
dwelling(s) – a building where less than half of the usable area is used for
habitation. This category includes, for instance, office buildings, shops,
schools and other buildings with at least one dwelling (apartment).
Type of
institution - institutional households were divided as follows:
- Social welfare institution (substitute home, care
home, etc.):
- child welfare institution - substitute
home or children’s home, SOS Children’s Village, home for small children, substitute home for
children with special needs, youth home, residential educational institution,
substitute family home;
- mixed-care social welfare institution - institutions that provide multiple welfare services,
e.g., welfare institutions that serve both elderly people with coping problems
and people with special needs (irrespective of age);
- adult general and special welfare institutions (incl.
home for the aged).
- Educational institution - this category includes educational
institutions that provide full maintenance for its pupils. An educational
institution may be a person’s place of usual residence only if he or she can
reside there all-year-round. This includes, for instance, special schools for
children with behavioural problems (Tapa and Kaagvere special schools). As a rule, boarding schools are
not included in this category.
- Health care institution – hospital, clinic,
(medical) care centre, rehabilitation centre and other inpatient care
institution.
- Religious institution – e.g., a monastery.
- Penal institution – prison, preliminary
investigation prison, detention house and cell, the expulsion centre of the
Police and Border Guard Board in Harku.
- Other institution – e.g., a training centre of
the Defence Forces.
In tables the data are published for usual
resident of institutional households (see “place of residence”).
Unemployed – a person
aged 15 years and older in the case of whom the following three conditions are
fulfilled at the same time during the week preceding the Census (19–25 December
2011):
- he/she was without
work (did not work or was not
temporarily absent from work);
- he/she had been actively seeking work in December
2011;
- he/she was
ready to start working within two weeks.
Unemployed
persons who had worked previously were in the Census asked the data about their
last main place of work and the year they were last employed. Previous employment
was employment which lasted for at least three months. Occasional work, summer
employment or any other short-term employment relationships which lasted less than
three months were not considered previous employment.
Unknown
– the table's row or column "unknown" includes cases where the answer
has not been recorded in the questionnaire or the answer that has been recorded
is ambiguous.
Urban
settlements – cities, cities without municipal status and
towns.
DATA PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
Official
statistics are disseminated in a form that precludes the possibility of direct
or indirect identification of a person. For that reason, statistical disclosure
control methods are used to protect small values in frequency tables, by
modifying, summarising or perturbing the data. The aim of statistical
disclosure control methods is to ensure that the statistical output provides
valuable information while protecting the confidentiality of personal data.
The following principles are used in the dissemination
of the data of the 2011 Population and Housing Census:
1. Pursuant
to subsection 35 (7) of the Official Statistics Act, disclosure control methods
are not applied to the following variables: place of residence, sex and age.
2. The
statistical disclosure control method of controlled rounding is applied to
other variables if the place of residence is specified on a detailed level in
the table (small local government units and settlements).
Controlled
rounding results in the upwards or downwards adjustment of real values,
preserving additivity of the table as much as possible. Due to rounding, the
published total may differ from the sum of subdivisions and the value of the
same indicator may differ slightly in different tables.
FINDING THE NATIVE POPULATION AND
THREE GENERATIONS OF THE FOREIGN-ORIGIN POPULATION
The
table below presents the combinations of answers of the person’s
himself/herself, his/her parent’s and grandparent’s country of birth on the basis of which in the 2011
Population and Housing Census the native population and the first, second and
third generation of foreign-origin population were determined.
If
a part of information necessary for determining the native or foreign-origin
population was missing, the existing most probable data were used to make a
decision.
|
No |
Country of birth of the person |
Country of birth of parents |
Country of birth of grandparents |
Group |
|
1 |
|
For at least one |
For at least one |
Native population |
|
2 |
|
For at least one |
For all a foreign country |
Third generation |
|
3 |
|
For at least one |
For all unknown |
Native population |
|
4 |
|
For both a foreign country* |
For at least one |
Second generation |
|
5 |
|
For both a foreign country* |
For all a foreign country |
Second generation |
|
6 |
|
For both a foreign country* |
For all unknown |
Second generation |
|
7 |
|
For both unknown |
For at least one |
Native population |
|
8 |
|
For both unknown |
For all a foreign country |
Third generation |
|
9 |
|
For both unknown |
For all unknown |
Origin unknown |
|
10 |
Foreign country |
For at least one |
For at least one |
Native population |
|
11 |
Foreign country |
For at least one |
For all a foreign country |
Third generation |
|
12 |
Foreign country |
For at least one |
For all unknown |
Native population |
|
13 |
Foreign country |
For both a foreign country* |
For at least one |
First generation |
|
14 |
Foreign country |
For both a foreign country* |
For all a foreign country |
First generation |
|
15 |
Foreign country |
For both a foreign country* |
For all unknown |
First generation |
|
16 |
Foreign country |
For both unknown |
For at least one |
Native population |
|
17 |
Foreign country |
For both unknown |
For all a foreign country |
Third generation |
|
18 |
Foreign country |
For both unknown |
For all unknown |
Origin unknown |
|
19 |
Unknown |
For at least one |
For at least one |
Native population |
|
20 |
Unknown |
For at least one |
For all a foreign country |
Third generation |
|
21 |
Unknown |
For at least one |
For all unknown |
Native population |
|
22 |
Unknown |
For both a foreign country* |
For at least one |
Second generation |
|
23 |
Unknown |
For both a foreign country* |
For all a foreign country |
Second generation |
|
24 |
Unknown |
For both a foreign country* |
For all unknown |
Second generation |
|
25 |
Unknown |
For both unknown |
For at least one |
Origin unknown |
|
26 |
Unknown |
For both unknown |
For all a foreign country |
Third generation |
|
27 |
Unknown |
For both unknown |
For all unknown |
Origin unknown |
*It
also includes the occasion when one parent was born in a foreign country and
the country of birth of the other is unknown.
LIFE EXPECTANCY AND
DISABILITY FREE LIFE EXPECTANCY
Life
expectancy is calculated using the sex-age distribution based on the population
census and the official death statistics of vital statistics offices. Based on
these data, the following indicators are calculated for each five-year age
group: the number of survivors in a birth generation that has attained the
given age, probability of dying, person-years lived and average life expectancy.
Disability
free life expectancy is calculated on the basis of the share of healthy persons
in each age group, which has been determined using the census results. Following
international recommendations, persons without limitations of everyday
activities are considered to be in good health, i.e. healthy. The calculation
process is similar to the process described above, but the number of healthy
persons in a given age group is used instead of the number of persons in that
age group.
International Standard Classification of Occupations
ISCO 08
International
Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO 08 is available on the web site
of Statistics
Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements 2010,
version 3 (EHAK 2010 v3)
Classification
of Estonian administrative units and settlements is available on the web site
of Statistics
Classification of Estonian administrative units and
settlements 2010, version 3 (29.11.2010-23.07.2011) is available under the
heading “Old versions”
http://metaweb.stat.ee/classificator_version_list.htm?id=419098&siteLanguage=en
Estonian Classification of Economic Activities (EMTAK 2008) based on
NACE Rev. 2
Statistical Classification of Regional Units of
Estonia (EPS)
based on Nomenclature of Territorial Units of Statistics (NUTS)
According to the NUTS level 3, Estonia is divided as follows:
|
EE001 |
Northern Estonia |
Harju County |
|
EE004 |
Western Estonia |
Hiiu, Lääne, Pärnu and Saare Counties |
|
EE006 |
Central Estonia |
Järva, Lääne-Viru and Rapla Counties |
|
EE007 |
Northeastern Estonia |
Ida-Viru County |
|
EE008 |
Southern Estonia |
Jõgeva, Põlva, Tartu, Valga, Viljandi and Võru Counties |
Diana Beltadze
Project Leader of Population and Housing Census
Tel +372 625 9361
Updated: 22.10.2013